Monocrystalline vs. Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Solar energy is a renewable source of energy that is gaining traction globally. Among the devices that convert solar energy into electricity, solar panels are the most popular. There are two main types of solar panels: Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline. Both types of panels serve the same function in the overall solar PV system: they capture energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. However, there are key differences between them that you should understand before making your final solar purchase decision.

Monocrystalline Solar Cells

Monocrystalline solar cells, also referred to as single crystalline cells, are easily identifiable by their deep black color and cut edges. They are made from a very pure form of silicon, making them the most efficient material when it comes to the conversion of sunlight into energy.

A monocrystalline solar panel is simply a solar panel made from monocrystalline solar cells or “wafers.” Monocrystalline wafers are made from a single silicon crystal that is formed into a cylindrical silicon ingot1. Because a monocrystalline cell is composed of a single crystal, the electrons that generate a flow of electricity have more room to move.

The typical lab efficiencies of monocrystalline cells are between 20% to 25%. In 2017, the Kaneka Corporation achieved the current highest efficiency record of 26.7%.

Polycrystalline Solar Cells

Polycrystalline solar panels consist of several crystals of silicon in a single PV cell. They are made by melting fragments of different silicon crystals and cooling them on the panel itself. They are different from monocrystalline solar panels, which are made of single silicon crystal and have more room for electrons to move.

Polycrystalline solar panels have blue-colored cells made of multiple silicon crystals melted together. These panels are often a bit less efficient than monocrystalline panels, but they are more affordable. They have an efficiency rate of 16% to 17%.

Conclusion

Both monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels can be good choices for your home. The choice comes down to your personal preference, space constraints, and the best financing option for you. Monocrystalline panels have a higher efficiency rating but often come at a higher price. On the other hand, polycrystalline panels are often a bit less efficient but are more affordable.